The Knitting Studio

A free course in hand knitting

Everything in knitting is two stitches wearing different hats.

Knit and purl. That is the whole alphabet. Every cable, every lace panel, every Fair Isle yoke you have ever admired is those two movements arranged in a different order. This site teaches you the two movements, then shows you every arrangement worth knowing.

A four-stitch cable on a reverse stockinette ground. Knits, purls, and nothing else.

The two stitches, side by side

A knit stitch pulls a new loop toward you through the old one. A purl stitch pushes it away. They are the same action seen from opposite sides — a knit on the front is a purl on the back. Learn to recognise them on the fabric and patterns stop being code.

Knit face — the smooth V

Rows of little V shapes stacked in tidy columns. When every stitch on the front is a knit you get stockinette: flat, smooth, and the reason jumpers look like jumpers. It curls at the edges, which is a property you design around, not a mistake.

Purl face — the horizontal bump

Rows of little bumps. This is simply the back of stockinette; used deliberately on the front it is called reverse stockinette. Purl bumps are how you read your knitting — count the ridges and you have counted the rows.

FRONT OF THE FABRIC (facing you) BACK OF THE FABRIC (facing away) the plane of the fabric a bump pushed forward = a PURL as you look at it the same loop from behind = a KNIT on the other side reads as a V reads as a bump
One continuous strand, seen edge-on. Each loop bulges toward one face and recedes from the other — which stitch you made depends entirely on which side you are standing on.

Anatomy of a stitch

Almost every confusing instruction in a knitting pattern becomes obvious once you can name the parts. Here is a live row sitting on the needle, with the fabric it grew out of below.

1 row 1 stitch Head of the stitch the loop the needle sits in Right leg nearer you — work into this one Left leg behind, on the far side Needle holds the live stitches Running thread the bar between two stitches; an M1 increase is made from it Working yarn always leaves the last stitch you made Stitch below one V = one stitch, one row
Five live stitches on the needle. Each loop straddles the needle, its two legs running down into the row below.
ONE STITCH, MAGNIFIED — HOW THREE ROWS INTERLOCK Head of the stitch the loop the needle passes through Right leg nearer you; work into this one Left leg behind, on the far side The next row is drawn through here that is all knitting is Running thread lift this to make an M1 increase Row below the stitch sits on its head the row you are about to make the stitch in question the row below it
Three rows, interlocked. Every stitch hangs from the head of the stitch below it and holds up the one above — which is exactly why one dropped stitch runs all the way down, and why nothing above it comes loose.

The right leg sits in front

On a correctly mounted stitch the right leg is nearer you. Knit into the front of that leg and the stitch stays untwisted. A stitch that looks tight and slanted is usually just mounted backwards.

Count in Vs, not in guesses

One V equals one stitch, one row. To count rows in garter stitch, count the ridges and double them — each ridge is two rows.

The working yarn tells you where you are

The yarn attached to the ball always comes off the last stitch you worked. If you have lost your place mid-row, find the working yarn.

The path, in order

Skip around if you like, but this is the sequence that gets people to a finished object fastest. Each stage takes an evening or two.

What to buy before you start

Two things: one ball of smooth, light-coloured worsted-weight wool, and a pair of 5 mm (US 8) needles. That is genuinely it. Dark yarn and fuzzy yarn hide your stitches, and hiding your stitches is the last thing a beginner needs.

RELATIVE THICKNESS OF THE EIGHT STANDARD YARN WEIGHTS 0 · Lace cobweb, 2-ply 1.5–2.25 mm · 33–40 sts 1 · Super fine fingering, sock, 4-ply 2.25–3.25 mm · 27–32 sts 2 · Fine sport, baby 3.25–3.75 mm · 23–26 sts 3 · Light DK, light worsted 3.75–4.5 mm · 21–24 sts 4 · Medium ← start here worsted, aran, afghan 4.5–5.5 mm · 16–20 sts 5 · Bulky chunky, craft, rug 5.5–8 mm · 12–15 sts 6 · Super bulky roving, super chunky 8–12.75 mm · 7–11 sts
Strand thickness drawn to scale relative to each other, with the needle size and the stitches-per-10 cm that go with it. (Weight 7, jumbo, runs off the bottom of the chart — it is knitted on broom handles and arms.) Ranges follow the Craft Yarn Council's standard yarn weight system; the ball band always wins, and your own gauge swatch wins over the ball band.
THE FOUR KINDS OF NEEDLE YOU WILL MEET Straight flat pieces stopper — stitches cannot fall off this end tip — where every stitch is made Circular rounds and big flat pieces flexible cable — this is what holds most of the stitches join — a rough join snags; buy decent ones Double-pointed socks, mitts, hat crowns sold in sets of four or five; pointed at both ends Cable needle the kink stops held stitches escaping
Bamboo or wood for a first pair — yarn grips them, so stitches do not slither off. Metal is faster once your tension has settled.

Yarn

Smooth worsted-weight wool in a mid-to-light solid colour. Avoid black, mohair, bouclé and anything sold as "textured".

Needles

One pair, 5 mm / US 8, about 25 cm long. Bamboo if you can get it.

Small tools

Scissors, a blunt darning needle for weaving ends, a tape measure and stitch markers. Paper clips work as markers in a pinch.

Nice later

A cable needle, a row counter, a crochet hook for rescuing dropped stitches, and blocking mats with rustproof pins.

Watch someone do it first

Diagrams tell you what the yarn is doing; video tells you what your hands should do. These three cover the whole beginner arc. The full video library has forty more, sorted by topic.

How to Cast On Knitting for Total Beginners

The long-tail cast-on broken down slowly, with the "how long a tail?" question actually answered.

Garter Stitch for Beginners (worked slowly)

The knit stitch at learner speed, repeated enough times that the motion sticks.

How to Bind Off Knitting for Total Beginners

Finishing the edge so it does not unravel — and how to avoid the too-tight bind-off that catches everyone once.

Track what you have learned

Tick things off as you go — the list is saved in your browser, so it will be here next time. You have completed 0 of 12.

Put it on your phone or tablet

This site installs as an app on iPhone, iPad and Android: a real icon on your home screen, opening full screen with no address bar, and every page stored on the device so it keeps working in a wool shop with no signal. It takes about fifteen seconds, and there is nothing to download from the App Store or Play Store.

On iPhone and iPad — use Safari

The Knitting Studio 1 · Tap Share the square with an arrow coming out of the top Safari only — not Chrome Add to Home Screen 2 · Add to Home Screen scroll down the grey list — it is below the sharing icons Knitting 3 · Open it like any app full screen, no address bar
On an iPad the Share button sits at the top of the Safari window rather than the bottom. Everything else is identical.

On Android — use Chrome

knittingstudio 1 · Tap the ⋮ menu top right of Chrome's address bar Chrome, Edge or Samsung Internet Install app 2 · Choose Install app older versions of Chrome call it "Add to Home screen" instead Knitting 3 · It joins your apps in the drawer and on the home screen, like any other
Chrome often offers to install the app by itself, showing a banner or a small install icon in the address bar. If it does, just tap that.

It works offline

Once installed, every page, diagram and chart is stored on the device. Only the videos need a connection, since those stream from YouTube.

The browser matters

On iPhone and iPad it must be Safari — Chrome and Firefox on iOS have no Add to Home Screen option. On Android use Chrome, Edge or Samsung Internet; Firefox on Android hides it under "Add to Home screen" too.

Desktop as well

Chrome and Edge on Windows, Mac and Linux show an install icon at the right-hand end of the address bar. It opens in its own window, with no tabs and no address bar.